Tourism graduation thesis
China's tourism industry is developing very rapidly, and its development prospect is very broad. The following is the content of the model essay on the graduation thesis of the Department of Tourism Management, which I compiled for you. Welcome to read it for reference!
Model essay on graduation thesis of tourism management department
Analysis on the Development of Forest Eco-tourism
At present, due to the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, people's desire for nature is gradually strong. In this case, forest tourism has developed rapidly, which has not only become a fashionable way for tourists, but also effectively promoted the development of forestry.
Keywords: forest; Ecotourism; Ecological environment protection
The accelerated pace of urban life makes people yearn for nature more, which makes forest eco-tourism develop. Forest tourism is a new industry, but in the process of forestry development, it is necessary to realize the protection of forest ecological environment while obtaining economic benefits, which makes forest tourism and ecological environment protection become the main problems in current forestry management.
1 the relationship between forestry protection and forest ecotourism
Forest resources are the main body of the most important ecosystem on land in China, and are important places for animals and plants to survive and reproduce. The ecological environment is the foundation of human existence, so protecting the ecological environment means protecting the environment in which we live. Strengthening the protection of forest resources will not only make the ecological environment of forestry develop rapidly, but also be an important basis for realizing the sustainable development of society and economy. In recent years, based on the protection of forest resources, eco-tourism has been carried out, so that under the premise of protecting the environment and natural resources, high economic benefits of forestry can be realized without consuming forest resources. The benefits brought by eco-tourism to forestry are far higher than those of timber production, and it will also drive the development of related industries and promote the growth of local economy. Forest has a unique advantage in developing eco-tourism, which not only brings good economic benefits to forestry, but also benefits local residents. Therefore, with the continuous development of various eco-environmental tourism activities, it effectively promotes the development of eco-tourism. Eco-tourism is irreplaceable, and it also has some remarkable characteristics. For example, eco-tourism activities are primitive and natural, its management is more ecological, and the connotation of tourism is more scientific. Through eco-tourism, forest resources can be used permanently to achieve the goal of sustainable development. At the same time, eco-tourism also has good education and high knowledge, which can enable multi-stakeholders to participate effectively.
2 the important position of forest tourism
According to a statistical analysis, the yearning for forest tourism among global tourists is rising. It is estimated that by 2020, the number of forest tourists will more than double the total number of global tourists, which is a huge consumer group, and the market for forest tourism has great potential. The development of forest tourism in China started late, and it is still a new industry with strong vitality. Therefore, in the future market, forest tourism will have a broader development space and will surely become a sunrise industry in the 21st century.
2.1 Have a social environment for the development of forest tourism.
At present, the rapid development of China's economy provides a good development environment for the creativity of tourism. At the same time, with the increasing popularity of China in the world, it attracts a large number of foreign tourists, which provides a potential customer base for the development of forest tourism bureau. Forest tourism has a good prospect, and forest eco-tourism can attract more people to come to the forest and have full contact with nature.
2.2 has a strategic position in the economic development of forest areas.
Through the development of forest tourism, the ecological, social and economic benefits of forests can be fully brought into play, and at the same time, the relationship between stakeholders can be effectively coordinated, which effectively promotes the economic development of forest areas. The economic benefits brought by forest tourism are very considerable, and its investment is small and quick, which not only has strong vitality, but also brings high rate of return. Moreover, forest tourism has extensive radiation and strong correlation, which can directly stimulate the economic growth of various industries in the region, fully promote the development of related industries in the region, absorb local surplus labor, increase farmers' income and make society more stable.
3 conditions for developing eco-tourism
3.1 accelerate the integration of tourism resources
First, integrate scenic spot resources, fully tap the tourist resources of scenic spots, form scenic spots with different characteristics, and at the same time strengthen the internal relationship between sporadic resources and individual scenic spots, thus increasing the overall sense of scenic spots, making the scenic spots complement each other and stimulating the enthusiasm of continuous browsing. At the same time, some scenic spots should be set up in the scenic spot to fully show the cultural heritage of the scenic spot and make it more attractive; The second is to integrate seasonal tourism resources, so that there are abundant and optimized scenic spots and scenic spots in all seasons, so that visitors can enjoy it when they come to the big forest in all seasons; The third is to integrate tourism consumption resources, and determine different tourism routes and consumption levels according to the economic conditions of different consumer groups, accessibility, radiation population and consumption capacity of the tourism market.
3.2 Do a good job in "three overall plans"
The first is to coordinate urban and rural and regional development. In the scenic area, the scenic spots should have obvious seasonal characteristics according to the different seasons, which are different all year round, thus giving tourism a brand-new feeling. At the same time, according to the individual needs of tourism, we can make conference tours, industrial tours, science and technology tours, cooking tours, holiday tours, picking tours, investigation tours, and sightseeing tours.
The second is to coordinate economic and social development. We should pay attention to both hands: first, strengthen the economic and industrial functions of tourism, develop the forest tourism industry rapidly, and maximize the benefits; Grasp the development of forestry greening coverage area.
The third is to coordinate the harmonious development between man and nature. The development of tourism promotes the flow of people, information and logistics. The development of tourism is based on the richness and sustainable utilization of tourism resources, as well as environmental protection and ecological protection.
3.3 Do a good job in eco-tourism management
The management of ecotourism should be as follows: (1) The development of ecotourism should be guided by the idea of sustainable development; (2) Do a good job in ecological environment impact assessment and planning; (3) strictly control the construction of facilities in tourist areas (just meet the basic needs of tourists, and avoid flooding) and
The amount of motor vehicles entering; (4) Establish and improve the scientific management mechanism of ecotourism, and refine the management of ecotourism; (5) Scientifically determine the tourist capacity in the tourist area and strictly control the tourist scale; (6) Establish a tracking and monitoring system for society, culture and environment in tourist areas; (7) Strengthen the publicity and education of ecological protection and raise the public's awareness of eco-tourism; (8) Vigorously advocate community participation and realize the collective efforts of eco-tourism.
4 measures to accelerate the development of forest tourism
4.1 Emancipate the mind and turn resources into capital
For some national nature reserves, forest resources are the most abundant in local forestry, and forest tourism resources are also the most potential. On the premise of protecting the ecological environment and natural landscape, it has become the consensus of forestry workers and staff to rationally develop and utilize the unique forest tourism resources. At the same time, we should establish a new concept of forest resources development and construction, and make full use of the rich forest resources and the brand advantages of national nature reserves to develop forest resources.
4.2 Rational allocation of resources
First, do a good job in the horizontal connection between forest scenic spots, make up for the lack of monotonous natural landscape in a single forest area, implement complementary advantages, and give full play to the overall advantages of forest resources.
The second is to strengthen the vertical connection between forest scenic spots and other natural scenic spots, and combine natural scenery with human landscape to make up for the lack of rich forest tourism content. Such as cultural and food festivals, canyon exploration, drifting, etc., enrich the content and connotation of forest tourism and expand to a wider range of eco-tourism.
The third is to explore the combination of forest tourism and farmers in forest areas to make up for the lack of food and shelter conditions in forest scenic spots. View the forest scenery, eat farmhouse meals in the forest area, rest in the farm homes in the forest area, and enjoy visiting the guests.
4.3 Protection of forest resources, rational development and utilization
At the same time, we should also see the short-term and long-term harm caused by forest tourism to the environment. Forest tourism is facing the problems of extensive development and blind utilization of forest tourism resources, imbalance of ecological environment system in forest tourism areas and serious environmental pollution in forest tourism areas. Therefore, we should investigate the real connotation of forest tourism and formulate forest tourism management measures in combination with the actual situation of Forestry Administration. Grasp the moderate development speed, enhance the awareness of environmental protection, and make forest eco-tourism become a sustainable green industry.
5 concluding remarks
In recent years, China's forest eco-tourism has developed rapidly, which is a special tourism behavior. Tourists fully enjoy nature and understand the natural landscape, wildlife and local human characteristics. At the same time, the circulation of forest ecosystem and natural and man-made ecological resources are effectively protected, and local residents and management institutions enjoy economic benefits in this special tourism behavior. Therefore, the development of eco-tourism has effectively promoted the development of forestry economy and is an important way to realize the sustainable development of forestry. In the current process of ecotourism development, forest has become an important base for its development, but any tourism activity will have a certain impact on the environment, and ecotourism is no exception. In the process of ecotourism development, there are both positive and negative aspects to forest resources, which requires the government and relevant management departments to correctly handle the relationship between ecotourism and ecological protection and find a balance between them. Give full play to the positive role of eco-tourism in forest resources and environmental management, and curb its negative role, so as to achieve the ecological goal of sustainable development of forest resources.
references
[1] Yang Genhui. On the development direction of modern forestry in China, forestry investigation and planning .2010.35 (5) 6.
[2] Hou Yanwei. The role of ecotourism in the management of nature reserves. Management observation. 2010(13).
[3] Wang Huiling. Analysis of the ecological environment protection in the tourism development of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve. Jilin Geology .2008,27 (2).
Obstacles and modes of collectivization development of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province
Hubei tourism enterprises are small in scale strength, low in industry concentration rate, imperfect in enterprise system and poor in operating efficiency, showing a situation of being numerous, scattered, miscellaneous and chaotic. Not only can they not compete with overseas tourism enterprise groups in strength, but they also do not have competitive advantages at home. Therefore, in order to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and deal with the impact of overseas tourism enterprise groups, Hubei tourism enterprises must take the road of group development.
Keywords: Hubei Province; Tourism enterprises; Grouping; Obstacles; model
With China's entry into WTO, the tourism industry will gradually open to the outside world. With its advantages in capital, management, talents and technology, large-scale overseas tourism enterprises will land in China one after another. After the buffer period of the first few years after death, Hubei tourism enterprises will face-to-face with overseas tourism enterprise groups. Looking at the present situation of Hubei tourism enterprises, it is difficult to find that Hubei tourism enterprises must take the road of group development, expand the scale of tourism industry through group development and capital operation, and make tourism play an increasingly important role in Hubei's national economic development. one
First, the obstacles to the development of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province
1. The scale of tourism enterprises is too small.
Compared with individual tourism enterprises, tourism enterprise groups have great advantages in scale benefit, resources.
There are comparable advantages in allocation, financing ability and comprehensive competitiveness, and the most obvious one is scale benefit, which is mainly realized by saving the transaction cost and information cost within the enterprise group, and finally embodies the competitive advantage of the enterprise group. At present, the scale of tourism enterprises in Hubei is very small, and there is no hotel management group of its own. Except for several state-owned travel agencies, the scale of other private travel agencies is too small, and no child can enter the top 100 travel agencies in China. At the same time, the small scale of tourism enterprises also limited the expansion of Hubei's tourism industry, and did not form a well-known tourism brand, while OCT Group and Song Cheng Group, with their own brand advantages, have become the "drivers" of local tourism development.
2. The system of tourism enterprises is not perfect. At present, the basic characteristics of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province are the separation of government and enterprises, and many tourism enterprises have become administrative appendages of cross-industries and departments, but have not become actual economic entities and legal entities. Most tourism enterprises are subordinate to the relevant government departments, with complex asset relations and imperfect system. Their own operations are interfered by government administrative orders and their benefits are not good. Even the established tourism enterprise groups, such as Wuhan Tourism State-owned Holding Group, are mostly simple superposition of hotels, travel agencies and other enterprises, and their market competitiveness is limited. Although some tourism enterprises are named as groups, they also belong to loose consortia, with low aggregation level and weak comprehensive strength.
3. The concept of tourism enterprise operators is backward. For a long time, the operators of Hubei tourism enterprises have been deeply influenced by China's traditional culture, and the negative thought of "Better be the head of a chicken than the tail of a phoenix" is deeply rooted. Being content with the status quo, on the issue of the collectivization development of tourism enterprises, they always try their best to block it because they are worried that their future and interests are not guaranteed, which has caused many obstacles in the process of collectivization. Even if the government has the will to develop tourism enterprise groups, tourism enterprises actively plan the development of group on the surface, but secretly obstruct it, only considering their own immediate vested interests, ignoring the positive significance of the development of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province.
4. Insufficient policy support. The development of tourism enterprise groups needs a good policy environment, which is actually the preferential treatment and support of government policies, but at the same time, it is necessary to eliminate hidden restrictive policies and create a good level playing field. Considering the current situation of tourism enterprises in Hubei, we must rely on the support of relevant government policies to accelerate the development of tourism enterprises as a group. In 2000, Wuhan City was reorganized and established the Wuhan Tourism State Holding Group. This shows that Hubei government departments have been inclined to the collectivization development of tourism enterprises in policy, but the support is not enough. Take Wuhan Tourism State-owned Holding Group as an example. Its establishment is the product of the reorganization of Wuhan Tourism Bureau. To some extent, it is a derivative, and its disposable assets and resources are limited, all of which are some bad assets allocated at that time. Therefore, the collectivization development of tourism enterprises in Hubei province needs further support from government policies.
Second, the collectivization development model of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province
1. The collectivization development mode of tourism enterprises. There are three main development modes of tourism enterprise collectivization: market growth, government behavior and mixed promotion. Market growth means that the core enterprises of the group rely on their own economic strength and business advantages to make other enterprises form enterprise groups on a voluntary basis. Its advantages are that the members of the enterprise are linked by assets, the property rights relationship is clear, the management system is standardized, and the overall benefits of the enterprise are obvious. The disadvantage is that the core enterprises need a long time to cultivate their own strength, and the cost is too high, which does not meet the requirements of increasingly urgent international competition. Government behavior is that government departments set up enterprise groups by administrative means, and the members of enterprises are linked by administrative or contractual relations, and the motive force of enterprise operation is administrative orders. Its advantage is that relying on the influence of the government can increase the strength of the group in a short time, but its disadvantage is that the enterprise system of the group is not perfect, and the operation of the group is sometimes influenced by relevant administrative orders of the government, so it cannot be fully implemented as an enterprise. Mixed-driven type relies on market forces to promote the formation of groups. The government mainly guides the activities of enterprises through relevant policies, laws and other means, and the government, market and enterprises are in harmony. This type combines the advantages of the first two types and overcomes the shortcomings. It is one of the effective choices for the development of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province.
2. Innovation of collectivization development mode of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province.
Considering the three modes of collectivization development of tourism enterprises, combined with Hubei Province
The present development situation of tourism enterprises and the internal and external environment they face, and comprehensively consider Hubei Province Travel.
The strategic goal of tourism development and the goal orientation of tourism enterprise development are put forward in this paper
Taking "resource integration, asset reorganization, capital expansion and brand management" as the main means.
The collectivization development model of tourism enterprises.
(1) The four growth stages of the collectivization development model of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province.
The first is the natural state stage. At this stage, all tourism enterprises are in a state of chaotic competition. Some tourism enterprises are strong and some are weak, but none of them has absolute leadership strength. This is a state that tourism enterprises in Hubei Province are in at present, which is numerous, scattered, miscellaneous and chaotic, with fierce market competition and high transaction costs, and has not achieved the optimal allocation of resources. This stage is the original state of collectivization development.
The second is the loose alliance stage. Some excellent assets and resources are allocated by the government (the symbols in the circle indicate the enterprises and other units allocated by the government), and the embryonic form of enterprise groups is formed through resource integration. However, the allocated enterprises and units have not reorganized their assets, although they are named as groups, but they are just a simple loose alliance. Therefore, on the surface, the strength of enterprise groups has been enhanced, but there are still many relationships within enterprises that need to be straightened out, such as the definition of property rights and the establishment of modern enterprise systems. At this stage, the enterprise group is only in a state of external strength, and it has many resources, but there are still many obstacles in controlling and using these resources, and it does not have the strength to expand outward.
The third is the stage of asset reorganization. Enterprise groups should be transformed into enterprises, and a modern enterprise system should be established through asset reorganization, so that all member enterprises can gradually get rid of nepotism with the government and gradually clarify property rights. The enterprise group enjoys the right to use the resources of each member enterprise, and the development strategy of the enterprise is formulated by the group, which is no longer interfered by government instructions (the symbols in the rectangle indicate the state of the group after asset reorganization). This stage is very critical, which determines whether the group development of enterprises can be successful or not, and also determines the development prospect of the group. Another important task at this stage is to build the brand of tourism enterprises, improve the visibility and competitiveness of the group through brand building, and lay the foundation for the next stage of expansion.
The fourth is the stage of capital expansion. This is the growing stage of the tourism enterprise group, which requires the group to rely on its own strength and brand resources to expand its capital and brand management. On the one hand, we can constantly attract new tourism enterprises to join through property rights transactions, capital integration, mergers and acquisitions, and further strengthen the strength of the group (the small triangles and squares in the figure represent the new members absorbed by the group); On the other hand, we can export the brand and management to other tourism enterprises through our own brand advantages (the circle in the figure represents the enterprises and units that accept the brand and management exported by the group). By expanding and increasing the scope and quantity of resources controlled by the Group, the strength of the Group will be further promoted, and finally the goal of improving the competitiveness of tourism enterprises and expanding the scale of tourism industry will be achieved through the development of enterprise collectivization.
(2) Five strategic measures for the collectivization development model of tourism enterprises in Hubei Province.
First, resource integration. Through government actions, some excellent tourism resources will be. Including tourist attractions, tourist hotels, travel agencies, etc., first form a loose alliance to enhance the strength of the group. We can first take a slightly stronger tourism enterprise as the core enterprise, integrate other enterprises and units under its name, or form a new enterprise subject. For example, Wuhan Tourism State Holding Group can be the core enterprise, and famous scenic spots such as Yellow Crane Tower and East Lake can be integrated under its name, and merged into the group in the form of administrative allocation or transfer. As a subsidiary of the group, the group will hold shares and manage, revitalize the resource stock, improve the operating efficiency of scenic spots such as Yellow Crane Tower and East Lake, and enhance the competitiveness of Wuhan Tourism State Holding Group.
Second, asset restructuring. On the basis of resource integration, we must also carry out enterprise transformation of the group, and asset reorganization is the most critical step. Simply combining several tourism enterprises with scenic spots does not mean that the strength of the tourism enterprise group has increased. On the surface, the enterprises have become bigger, but they are big but not strong, because there are still a series of relationships within the group that need to be coordinated, and those that should be abandoned should be abandoned. Asset reorganization is entirely done by the group itself. We can straighten out the property right relationship between the group and its subsidiaries through the reform of property right system and the establishment of modern enterprise system, give full play to the synergistic effect after resource integration, and truly make the tourism group bigger and stronger.
Third, brand building. In addition to asset restructuring, the group should also pay attention to the shaping of its own brand in the course of operation. With the development of tourism, tourism has entered the era of brand management. In the process of outward expansion, many large tourism enterprise groups not only rely on their strong economic strength as the backing, but also brand is a great weapon for their expansion, with strong impact and penetration, such as OCT Group and Song Cheng Group.
Fourth, policy guarantee. The collectivization development of tourism enterprises in Hubei needs a good policy environment to ensure it, such as avoiding the supply and forced rationing of tourism enterprises above the market price and not increasing the burden on tourism enterprises. In order to cooperate with the collectivization process of tourism enterprises, the government can provide policy support in investment and financing environment and market system, improve the financial investment system, establish a sound market regulation system, and strengthen policy guidance to provide a good external market environment for the external survival and development of tourism groups. At the same time, the government can also actively promote the alliance of related enterprises and accelerate the process of grouping tourism enterprises through relevant preferential policies and support policies.
