French tourism propaganda

Country name: French Republic

(The Republic of France，La Republique Francaise)

National Day: July 14th (in 1880, Parliament legislated to confirm the Bastille Day as the National Day to commemorate the French bourgeois revolution) > > >

Heritage Day: The third Saturday and Sunday in September (officially started in 1984, and the initial event was held on the third Sunday in September. Under the promotion of Jacques Lang, then Minister of Culture, many historical and cultural heritages in the deep palace were opened to the public, with the aim of letting more people know about their love and protecting human historical and cultural heritage. It was originally named "National Cultural Relics Open Day", and by 1992, the opening hours were extended to Saturday and Sunday. ）>>>

National flag: rectangular, with the ratio of length to width of 3: 2. The flag surface consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles, which are blue, white and red from left to right. There are many origins of the French national flag, the most representative of which is that during the French bourgeois revolution in 1789, the Paris National Self-Defense Force used blue, white and red flags as its team flag. White is in the middle, representing the king and symbolizing the sacred position of the king; Red and blue are on both sides, representing the citizens of Paris; At the same time, these three colors symbolize the French royal family and the bourgeois alliance in Paris. The tricolor flag was once a symbol of the French Revolution. It is said that tricolor represents freedom, equality and fraternity respectively.

National Emblem: France has no official national emblem, but it has traditionally adopted the coat of arms of the Great Revolution as the national symbol. The coat of arms is oval, and it is painted with one of the symbols popular during the Great Revolution-the bundle of sticks, which is a symbol of authority used by senior law enforcement officers in ancient Rome. Both sides of the bundle are decorated with olive branches and oak branches, and the ribbon wound between them reads "freedom, equality and fraternity" in French. The whole design is decorated with ribbons with Roman legion medals.

National anthem: La Marseillaise.

National flower: Iris.

National bird: rooster

National Stone: Pearl

Head of State: President Chirac, elected in May 1995 and re-elected in May 2002; Dominique villepin, Prime Minister, took office in May 2005; Aglio Aliot-Marie, Minister of National Defense, took office in May 2002; Jean-Louis Debre, Speaker of the National Assembly, was elected in June 2002.

Physical geography: covers an area of 551,602 square kilometers. Located in the western part of Europe, it borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Monaco, faces Britain across the Lamanche Strait in the northwest, and is close to the four major sea areas of the North Sea, the English Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Corsica on the Mediterranean Sea is the largest island in France. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The plain accounts for two thirds of the total area. The main mountain ranges are Alps, Pyrenees and Jura Mountains. Mont Blanc on the French-Italian border is 4,810 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Europe. Rivers mainly include the Loire River (1010 km), Rhone River (812 km) and Seine River (776 km). Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea is the largest island in France. The total length of the border line is 5695 kilometers, of which the coastline is 2700 kilometers, the land line is 2800 kilometers, and the inland river line is 195 kilometers. The western part has a maritime temperate broad-leaved forest climate, the southern part has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, and the central and eastern parts have a continental climate. The average precipitation increases from 600 mm to over 1000 mm from northwest to southeast.

Population: 62.9 million (January 2006), including 4 million foreign nationals, including 1.5 million from EU countries, and the immigrant population is 95,000. Common French. 90% of the residents believe in Catholicism, and there are about 4 million Muslims and a few Protestants, Jews, Buddhists and Orthodox Christians.

Capital: Paris, with an urban population of 2.17 million. Osei Museum —— The Most Beautiful Museum in Europe

Administrative divisions: divided into regions, provinces and towns. The province consists of prefectures and counties, but it is not an administrative region. The county is the judicial and electoral unit. France is divided into 22 regions, 96 provinces, 4 overseas provinces, 4 overseas territories and 2 local administrative regions with special status. There are 36,565 towns in China, including 34,000 with a population of less than 3,500, 231 with a population of over 30,000 and 37 with a population of over 100,000. The 22 regions are: Alsace, aquitaine, Ovigne, Bourgogne, Brittany, Central China, Champagne-Ardennes, Corsica, Franche-Gondai, Paris Region, Languedoc-Roucion, Limzan, Lorraine, Pyrenees Sul, Strait of Northern Calais, basse-normandie, Upper Normandy, Loire, Picardi, and Paris. The four overseas provinces are: GuaDroop, Martinique, French Guiana and Reunion. The four overseas territories are: French Polynesia, New Caledonia, wallis islands and Futuna Islands, French Southern Hemisphere and Antarctic Territory. The two local administrative regions are Mayotte Island, Saint Pierre Island and Miquelon Island.

Brief history: Gauls settled here in BC. In the 1st century BC, Caesar, the governor of Gaul in Rome, occupied all Gaul and was ruled by Rome for 500 years. In the 5th century AD, the Franks conquered Gaul and established the Frankish Kingdom. After the 10th century, feudal society developed rapidly. In 1337, the British king coveted the French throne and broke out the "Hundred Years' War". In the early days, a large area of France was occupied by Britain, and the French king was captured. After that, the French people waged an anti-aggression war and ended the Hundred Years' War in 1453. A centralized country was formed from the end of 15th century to the beginning of 16th century. In the mid-17th century, the autocratic monarchy reached its peak. With the development of bourgeois power, the French Revolution broke out in 1789, the monarchy was abolished, and the first republic was established on September 22nd, 1792. On November 9, 1799 (foggy month 18), Napoléon Bonaparte seized power, proclaimed himself emperor in 1804 and established the first empire. In February 1848, the revolution broke out and the second Republic was established. In 1851, President louis bonaparte staged a coup, and the Second Empire was established in December of the following year. After being defeated in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the Third Republic was established in September 1871 until the French Petain government surrendered to Germany in June 1940, and the Third Republic was destroyed. On March 18th, 1871, the people of Paris held an armed uprising and founded the Paris Commune. At the end of May of the same year, it was brutally suppressed by the French army. France was invaded by Germany during World War I and World War II. In June 1944, an interim government was announced, with Charles de Gaulle (right) as the head.In 1946, the Constitution was adopted and the Fourth Republic was established. In September 1958, a new constitution was adopted, and the Fifth Republic was established. In December of the same year, Charles de Gaulle was elected president.

invasion of Normandy

Politics: The President is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. His term of office is five years (changed to five years in June 2000) and he is directly elected by voters. The President has the power to appoint and remove the Prime Minister and ministers who approve the nomination of the Prime Minister; Preside over cabinet meetings, the Supreme National Defense Conference and the National Defense Commission; Have the right to dissolve parliament; Some important bills can be directly submitted to a referendum without going through parliament; In an emergency, the president has the full power to "take necessary measures according to the needs of the situation." When the President is unable to perform his duties or is vacant, the President of the Senate shall act as the President during his resignation. Parliament is composed of the National Assembly and the Senate. It has the power to make laws, supervise the government, pass budgets and approve the declaration of war. The National Assembly has a total of 577 seats, with a term of five years. It is directly elected by voters through two rounds of direct majority voting. According to the Senate reform bill passed by the French National Assembly in July 2003, the term of office of senators has been shortened from 9 years to 6 years since 2004, and the total number of seats has increased from 321 to 340 in 2010, with half being re-elected every three years. An electoral college composed of members of the National Assembly and local councils at all levels is indirectly elected. On July 31, 1995, the French Parliament passed a constitutional amendment. This bill empowers the president to make more use of referendums to solve economic and social problems. At the suggestion of the government, the Senate and the National Assembly, the President of France can put all reform plans concerning public power organizations and French economic or social policies to a referendum. Presidential Palace-Elysee Palace, Prime Minister's Office-Matignon Palace, National Assembly-Bourbon Palace.

Paris Opera

Economy: France's economy is developed, and its GDP ranks among the top in the world. The main industrial sectors are mining, metallurgy, steel, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing, textile, chemistry, electrical appliances, power, daily consumer goods, food processing and construction. Emerging industrial sectors such as nuclear energy, petrochemical industry, marine development, aviation and aerospace have developed rapidly in recent years, and their proportion in industrial output value has been increasing. Nuclear power equipment capacity, petroleum and petroleum processing technology rank second in the world, second only to the United States; The aviation and aerospace industry ranks third in the world after the United States and CIS. Iron and steel industry and textile industry rank sixth in the world. However, the traditional industrial sector is still dominant in the industry, in which steel, automobile and construction are the three pillars. The proportion of industry in the national economy is gradually decreasing. The proportion of tertiary industry in French economy is increasing year by year. Among them, the business volume of telecommunications, information, tourism services and transportation departments has increased greatly, and the service industry employees account for about 70% of the total labor force. French business is relatively developed, and food sales are the most profitable. Among all kinds of shops, supermarkets and chain stores are the most dynamic, accounting for almost half of all commercial activities. The reserves of iron ore in France are about 1 billion tons, but the grade is low and the mining cost is high. Most of the iron ore needed depends on imports. Coal reserves are almost exhausted, and it is expected that all coal mines will be closed in 2005. Bauxite reserves are about 90 million tons. Non-ferrous metal reserves are very small, and almost all of them depend on imports. Oil reserves are only over 30 million tons. Natural gas reserves are 250 billion cubic meters,99% of oil and 75% of natural gas are imported. Hydraulic resources are about 10 million kilowatts, and energy mainly depends on nuclear energy. The development and utilization of hydraulic resources and geothermal energy are relatively sufficient. The forest area is about 15.3 million hectares, accounting for 21.1% of the total forest area in the EU. The per capita green area is 0.3 hectares and the forest coverage rate is 28.2%. France is the largest agricultural producer in the European Union and a major exporter of agricultural and sideline products in the world. Grain output accounts for one-third of Europe's grain output, and agricultural exports rank second in the world after the United States. With the urbanization of French population, the rural population is decreasing, and the total cultivated land area in France is 54.919 million hectares, of which 61% is agricultural land, 27% is forestry land and 12% is non-agricultural land. 96% of agricultural land is owned by families. The traditional regional structure of agriculture is: the central and northern regions are the main producing areas of cereals, oilseeds, vegetables and beets, the western and mountainous regions are the main producing areas of feed crops, and the Mediterranean coast and southwest regions are the main producing areas of perennial crops (grapes and fruits). Mechanization is the main means to improve agricultural productivity, and law has basically realized agricultural mechanization. Agro-food processing industry is one of the pillar industries of France's foreign trade export surplus. Twenty-four of the top 100 agri-food industrial groups in Europe are in France, and seven of the top 100 agri-food industrial groups in the world are in France. The export of agricultural and sideline products in France ranks first in the world, accounting for 11% of the world market. France is a world-famous tourist country, which receives more than 70 million foreign tourists every year on average, exceeding its own population.Paris, the capital, the scenic spots along the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean and the Alps are all tourist attractions. In addition, there are some famous historical cities, castles along the Loire River, fishing villages in Brittany and Normandy, Corsica and so on. Some famous museums in France collect the precious heritage of world culture. France is also a big trading country in the world, and its foreign trade has two characteristics: First, its imports exceed its exports, resulting in a trade deficit. The imported commodities mainly include energy and industrial raw materials, while the exported commodities mainly include machinery, automobiles, chemical products, steel, agricultural products, food, clothing, cosmetics and arms. French wine enjoys a world-renowned reputation, and its liquor exports account for half of the world's exports. French fashion, French dinner and French perfume are all famous in the world. On the other hand, non-product technology exports are growing rapidly, and pure technology exports are playing an increasingly important role in the whole export trade. The main source of French government's fiscal revenue is tax, which is higher than that of the United States, Japan and other countries, mainly from value-added tax, as well as income tax, corporate tax, social welfare tax and so on. French tourist resort-Evian > > The highest bridge in the world-Mi Yue Bridge.

Culture: Since the 17th century, French classical literature has ushered in its own glorious period, with the emergence of literary giants such as Moliere, Stendhal, Balzac, Dumas, Hugo, Flaubert, Dumas, Zola, Mo Bosang and romain rolland. Many of their works have become treasures of world literature. Notre Dame de Paris, Red and Black, Old Man Gao, The Count of Monte Cristo, Les Miserables and John Christophe have been translated into world literature and widely circulated in the world. In modern times, French art is quite innovative on the basis of inheriting the tradition. Not only have there been sculptors like Rodin, but also representatives of impressionism and fauvism like Monet and Matisse. Since the 17th century, France's leading position in the field of industrial design and art design has long been obvious to all. Schools specializing in practical art, architecture, fashion design and industrial design have long been famous overseas for their "Made in France" commercial achievements. The French love sports, and the popular sports include football, tennis, rugby, groundball, sailing, swimming, skiing, and cycling. The famous universities are Paris University and Lyon University. Cannes International Film Festival is one of the five largest film festivals in the world. It is held in Cannes, a seaside town in southeastern France, every May. It is one of the earliest and largest international film festivals in the world, lasting about two weeks. In 1956, the highest award was "Golden Duck Award", and in 1957, it was changed to "Golden Palm Award". French coffee culture with a long history

Press and publication: The main newspapers are le figaro, Le Monde, Le Monde, Le Monde, Liberation, Humane and Le Parisien. The local newspapers mainly include the French West, which has the largest circulation in France. Voice of the North. The main weekly magazines are Express, Viewpoint, New Observer, paris match Pictorial and Figaro Magazine. There are about 6,000 publishing houses in France, including 331 large ones. The news agency has AFP, one of the five largest news agencies in the world. Founded in 1835. The French National Broadcasting Corporation was established in 1975, with six radio stations. In addition, there are 17 independent local stations jointly invested by the National Broadcasting Corporation and local governments. In order to strengthen foreign propaganda, the national broadcasting company has set up an independent French international station, which broadcasts almost all over the world. In 1982, the government passed a decree to abolish the state monopoly on radio stations and allow private individuals and groups to set up radio stations. At present, there are nearly 1,300 private radio stations in China, mainly including Luxembourg Radio, Monte Carlo Radio and Europe One. There are four national television stations. There are more than 20 central or local cable TV stations, and many TV channels that can be received by satellite.

Attractions: The L'arc de Triomphe in Paris is located in the center of the Star Square (now called General de Gaulle Square) in the center of Paris. It was built by France to commemorate Napoleon's defeat of the Russian and Austrian allied forces in the Battle of Ritz, Austell in February 1806. The 12 streets are centered on the Arc de Triomphe and radiate around, which is magnificent and looks like stars. The project was designed by architect Charles Gran, and the foundation stone was laid in August 1806. It lasted for 30 years and was completed in July 1836. The Arc de Triomphe is 49.54m high, 44.82m wide and 22.21m thick. It has doors on all sides, the central arch is 14.6 meters wide, and the gatehouse is supported by two high piers, with elevators up and down in the middle. There are three corridors above the arched dome, and the highest one is the showroom, where various historical relics about the Arc de Triomphe and pictures of Napoleon's life are displayed. The second floor contains various French medals and medals; The lowest floor is the security office and accounting office of the Arc de Triomphe. Atlas: The Gorgeous Music of France

The Eiffel Tower is located in the south bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris. It is the world's first steel tower and is regarded as a symbol of Paris. Named after the design and construction of the famous French architect Staffair Eiffel. It was built in 1887-1889. The tower is more than 300 meters high and weighs 9,000 tons. It is divided into three floors. The first floor platform is 57 meters from the ground, with shops and restaurants; The second platform is 115 meters high and has a cafe. The platform on the third floor is as high as 276 meters for tourists to overlook, with a bottom area of 10,000 square meters. At the third floor, the building structure suddenly shrinks and points to the sky. Seen from one side, it looks like the letter "Y" written backwards. The tower consists of more than 18,000 components and more than 2.5 million rivets. There is an elevator or hiking to the top of the tower. At night, the top of the tower emits a rotating color searchlight to prevent aircraft collision. A rectangular white marble column is erected beside the tower, and the gold-plated head of Staff Eiffel is placed on the top of the column.

The Louvre is one of the largest palace buildings in France, located on the right bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris and on the south side of the Paris Opera Square. Originally a medieval castle, it was rebuilt and expanded many times in the 16th century, and reached its existing scale in the 18th century. It covers an area of about 45 hectares. As early as 1546, French King Francois I decided to build a new palace on the basis of the original castle. Since then, it has been continuously expanded by nine monarchs, which lasted for more than 300 years, forming a magnificent palace complex with a U shape. On August 10, 1793, on the anniversary of the overthrow of the monarchy, the French "National Association" decided to turn the former imperial palace into a national museum of fine arts; On November 18th of the same year, the Louvre Museum was officially opened to the public. The whole project was completed in 1857. On the west side of the main hall of the Louvre, there are two side halls, and the open space in the middle forms Carusoy Square. There are long columns of colonnades on the east side of the palace, and the buildings are magnificent. Its 900-foot gallery contains a large number of works by many artists in the 17th century and during the European Renaissance. The collection reached 400,000 pieces. The Louvre Art Museum is divided into six parts: Greek and Roman art museums; Oriental Art Museum; Egyptian Museum of Art; European medieval, Renaissance and modern statue halls; Painting galleries of past dynasties. The exhibition is divided into different schools, schools and times. Sculptures are on display on the first floor. The second floor is oil painting, and the third floor is sketch and pastel painting. In the early 1980s, the French government implemented the "Great Louvre Plan" to expand and repair the Louvre.

Notre-Dame de Paris is the most famous medieval Gothic cathedral, which is famous for its scale, age and value in archaeology and architecture. The Bishop of Paris Maurice Dexuli once conceived to combine two earlier basilica-style (rectangular) churches into a large church. In 1163, the foundation stone was laid by Pope Alexander III, and the dedication ceremony of the high altar was held in 1189. In 1240, the choir, the west facade and the nave were completed, and porches, prayer rooms and other decorations were built one after another in the next hundred years. The internal plane is 130× 48m, the roof is 35m high and the tower is 68m high. The spire of the tower was never built. The church had to be rebuilt in the 19th century after the damage of past dynasties, and only three huge round windows still kept the stained glass of the 13th century. The flying buttresses in the back hall are particularly vigorous and beautiful.

General situation of France

Country name: French Republic

(The Republic of France，La Republique Francaise)

National Day: July 14th (in 1880, Parliament legislated to confirm the Bastille Day as the National Day to commemorate the French bourgeois revolution) > > >

National anthem: La Marseillaise.

National flower: Iris.

National bird: rooster

National Stone: Pearl

Population: 62 million (January 2004), including 4 million foreign nationals, of whom 1.5 million are from EU countries. Common French. 90% of the residents believe in Catholicism, and there are about 4 million Muslims and a few Protestants, Jews, Buddhists and Orthodox Christians.

Capital: Paris, with an urban population of 2.17 million. Osei Museum —— The Most Beautiful Museum in Europe

invasion of Normandy

Paris Opera

Place de la Bastille is located in the east of Paris and on the right bank of the Seine River. It was once a military fortress built in 1369-1382. The French original meaning of the word "Bastille" is "castle". This ancient castle has eight towering and sturdy forts, which were originally built to resist the British invasion. In 1380-1422, the castle was changed into the Royal Prison. The whole castle covers an area of 2670 square meters, surrounded by a tall and thick stone wall and eight towers with a height of more than 30 meters, surrounded by a deep ditch with a width of 24 meters, and a suspension bridge is set up to enter and exit. As early as the 16th century, political prisoners were imprisoned here, and Voltaire, a French enlightenment thinker, was imprisoned here twice. In the eyes of the French people, the Bastille has become a symbol of French feudal autocracy. On July 3, 1789, the people of Paris revolted, and on July 14, they captured the Bastille, which opened the curtain of the French Revolution. In 1791, the people of Paris demolished the Bastille, built the Bastille Square on its former site, and laid the removed stones on the Concorde Bridge on the Seine River for passers-by to trample on. In 1830, the French people set up a martyr monument in the center of the square to commemorate the July Revolution. This martyr monument is 52 meters high. Its body is a cylinder made of bronze, and it is called "July Column". At the top of the column is a golden-winged statue of freedom with a torch in its right hand. The broken chain in its left hand symbolizes freedom. In front of the prison site stood a sign that read:"Let's dance here!" In June 1880, France designated July 14th, when the people of Paris captured the Bastille, as the French National Day.

Located in the Latin quarter on the left bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris, le Pantheon was built in 1791, and it is a temple to permanently commemorate French historical celebrities. It was originally the church of Saint Genevieva built in Louis XV. After being nationalized and divorced from religion in 1791, it was changed into a cemetery for burying "great men". Between 1814 and 1830, it was returned to the church. The artistic decoration in the Panthé on is very beautiful, and the large mural on its dome was created by the famous painter Antoine Grothe. After the "July Revolution" in 1830, the theme of painting changed, and the Pantheon had the characteristics of "pure patriotism and nationality". Voltaire, Rousseau, victor hugo, Emile Zola, Marcelin Berthelot, Jean Rao Leisi, Berlioz, malraux and Dumas are buried in the Pantheon. By November 2002, 70 people who had made extraordinary contributions to France had enjoyed this honor.

The Centre national d 'art et de culture Georges Pompidou is located in the Beaufort Street on the north side of the Latin quarter of Paris and the right bank of the Seine River, which is often referred to as "Beaufort" by locals. The exterior of the Cultural Center is lined with steel frames and pipes, and painted in red, yellow, blue, green and white according to different functions. Because this modern building looks like a factory, it is also known as "oil refinery" and "cultural factory". This modern building with novel design and unique shape was decided by the late President Pompidou in 1969. Construction was officially started in 1972, completed in 1977 and opened in February of the same year. The whole building covers an area of 7,500 square meters, with a total construction area of 100,000 square meters and 6 floors above ground. The whole building is divided into four parts: industrial creation center, popular knowledge library, modern art museum and music and sound coordination and research center. >>>

Place de la Concorde in Paris is located in the center of Paris and on the north bank of the Seine River. It is the most famous square in France and one of the most beautiful squares in the world. The square was built in 1757 according to the design of the famous architect Cabriel. Because there was a statue of Louis XV riding in the center of the square, it was named "Louis XV Square" in 1763. During the Great Revolution, it was renamed "Revolutionary Square". In 1795, it was renamed "Concorde Square", which was renovated by the famous architect Hitofer, and finally formed its present scale in 1840. In the center of the square stands an Egyptian obelisk which is 23 meters high and has a history of more than 3,400 years. This is a famous cultural relic that Louis Philippe moved from Luxor, Egypt, in 1831. The ancient writing on the monument records the deeds of Pharaoh Ramses II. There is a fountain on each side of the stone tablet. The exquisite carving in the pool is also the work of Hittopher. Eight statues were placed around the square, symbolizing eight cities that played an important role in French history: Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Rouen, Brost, Lille and Strasbourg. During the Great Revolution in 1793, the people of Paris rose up and destroyed the bronze statue of Louis XV and sent Louis XVI to the guillotine.

Ave des Champs-Elysees starts from Place de la Concorde in the east and ends at Star Square in the west, with a total length of about 1,800 meters and the widest point of about 120 meters. It is one of the most distinctive and prosperous streets across Paris. In French, "Champs Elysé es" means "idyllic land". In the past, it used to be a low-lying and humid clearing. In the 17th century, when Louis XIV was in power, he planted trees here, making it a forbidden area for court nobles to play. Later, the east-west axis of Tully Park extended westward, and a nearly 1-kilometer-long avenue was built here. Later it was expanded. It was named Champs Elysé es in 1709. The street is bounded by Lomb Wanjie, which runs north and south, and is divided into two sections with different styles. The quiet eastern section reflects the pastoral scenery, about 700 meters long, with rows of phoenix trees green and dripping, and the street garden is hidden among thousands of trees. There is a majestic and famous Arc de Triomphe in the center of the Star Square at the eastern end. There are Bourbon Palace and Madeleine Cathedral near the street. There are also places of interest such as Tully Park, Louvre, City Hall and Elysee Palace. The west section is more than 1100 meters long, and the Place de la Concorde at the west end is another traffic hub in Paris. Some important festivals in France-the National Day Parade on July 14th and the New Year Gala are held in this famous street.

Famous historical figure: French playwright Moliere: born on January 15th, 1622. Real name is Jean-batiste Poquelin. Moliere is his stage name after joining the troupe. Moliere lost his mother at the age of 10, and his grandfather often took him to see farce, comedy and tragicomedy. In the 1950s, Moliere began to compile some farce and comedy "Daredevil" (1653). After returning to Paris in 1658, he was mainly engaged in the creation of classical comedies, and a series of works came out, such as The Lovely Wit (1659), Scarnell (1660), The School for Husbands (1661) and The School for Wives (1662). The period from 1664 to 1668 was the peak of Moliere's creation, and his main plays included Hypocrite (1664), Don Juan (1665) and Miser (1668). After 1668, Moliere also wrote some satires. Moliere wrote more than 30 comedies in his life. He has made outstanding contributions to the development of comedy art by properly introducing farce factors and making full use of daily language in shaping characters. Moliere died in 1673.

Voltaire (1694-1778): French enlightenment thinker in 18th century, known as "the king of thought" and "the best poet in France". Formerly known as Franç ois Marie Arouet, Voltaire is a pseudonym. Born in a wealthy middle-class family in Paris, he received a good education since childhood. Voltaire experienced the rule of Louis XIV, XV and XVI, witnessed the decline of feudal absolutism from prosperity, and felt at first hand the decadent and reactionary rule of feudal absolutism. In his youth, he was twice imprisoned in the Bastille for publishing works against feudal aristocratic rule. After he was released from prison in 1725, he lived in England for three years. He advocated the rule of "enlightened monarch" and implemented constitutional monarchy. Voltaire wrote many works. He opposed feudal autocracy and religious superstition, advocated the principles of freedom and equality, and advocated that people should be equal before the law. His main works are: Dictionary of Philosophy, On the Customs and Spirits of All Ethnic Groups, The Age of Louis XIV, etc. He also wrote the historical drama Orphan of China about China.

Rousseau (1712-1778): French enlightenment thinker and philosopher. Born into a watchmaker's family in Geneva. Worked as a servant, secretary, tutor, score scribe. He advocates the establishment of a bourgeois democratic republic, and thinks that private ownership is the root of social oppression of the people, but he does not advocate the complete elimination of private ownership. His main works are Social Contract (old translation of Civil Contract), On the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality, Confessions, etc.

Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821): French politician and strategist, the first emperor of France (1808-1814). Born in Ajaccio, Corsica. He graduated from the Paris Military Academy and served as a second lieutenant and major in artillery. In 1793, he made great achievements in the battle of Toulon and was promoted to brigadier general. During the directorial period, he led troops to attack Italy (1796) and Egypt (1798). In November 1799, a coup was launched and an executive government was established. Proclaimed himself emperor in 1804. In 1812, the war against Russia was defeated and the empire collapsed. Defeated at Waterloo in 1815. Exiled to St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.

Hugo (1802-1885): One of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. Hugo was born on February 26th, 1802 in an officer's family in Besancon, France. He was brilliant and creative, and his literary career lasted for half a century. Humanism is the main thread running through his works. Hugo comes from an officer's family. When I was a child, I went to Italy and Spain with my father and settled in Paris in 1814. In his youth, he embarked on the road of fighting for social progress. Notre Dame de Paris, a novel published in 1831, shows the writer's strong anti-feudal and anti-church thoughts. At the beginning of the "February Revolution" in 1848, Hugo had become a staunch Republican and was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly, becoming the leader of the social democratic left in the French National Assembly. In 1851, louis bonaparte staged a coup. Hugo immediately issued a declaration to resist, unfortunately failed. In December of the same year, Hugo was forced to flee to Brussels. During his 19-year exile, Hugo always insisted on the struggle against Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte dictatorship and writing. In 1862, he finished the novel Les Miserables. In 1870, when the Second Empire of France collapsed, Hugo returned to his native land. In 1872, he finished his last novel "93". He died in Paris on May 22nd, 1885. Hugo followed the pace of the times all his life and was an important writer in the history of French literature. It is particularly worth mentioning that in 1861, Hugo was filled with indignation when he learned that the British and French invaders had set fire to Yuanmingyuan.He righteously wrote: "The French Empire got half of the stolen goods from this victory, and now it is naive as if it is the real owner, and it will show the splendid plunder of Yuanmingyuan. I hope that one day France can get rid of the heavy burden, cleanse its guilt and return this wealth to the looted China. "

Picasso's former residence museum

On May 8 every year, the French honor guard commemorates the victory of World War II.

Diplomacy: France is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a founding member and an important member of the European Union, and a member of NATO (but does not participate in NATO military integration institutions). Since the establishment of the Fifth Republic of France in 1958, successive governments have followed the independent foreign policy formulated by General Charles de Gaulle to safeguard national independence. The EU is the foundation of French diplomacy. France is committed to promoting the construction of Europe, building the EU into a truly independent pole, and giving full play to the core role of France in it; Promote multi-polarization, develop and strengthen inter-regional cooperation between Europe and Asia; Strive to coordinate relations with big countries; Maintain and develop traditional relations with African countries and promote developed countries to increase aid to Africa; Actively participate in the Middle East peace process and related hot issues; Strengthen political and economic relations with Asia and Latin America.