South Korea's tourism economy

Japan's tourism industry has developed rapidly

At present, it is one of the top five tourist producing countries in the world. Reason:

① High-speed economic development

Japan is the second largest economic power in the world, and its per capita GDP and per capita national income rank first in the world.

Two, after Switzerland. With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the people has been greatly improved, and tourism has been

After becoming an indispensable activity in national life, people began to consider how to spend holidays in a meaningful way.

Into the rapid development of tourism.

② Shorten working hours, popularize and expand the company system, and implement the paid vacation system.

With the great improvement of people's living standards, the government has taken measures to shorten the legal working hours and implement five-day work.

Policies such as making, popularizing and expanding the company system, and at the same time, Japan actively promotes the paid vacation system. Since 1998

The number of days for employees to enjoy annual paid vacation is 17.5 days, and the larger the enterprise, the more days, with 1,000 people.

Large enterprises in the world are particularly prominent.

(3) determine the overall national support policy in the form of law.

The Japanese government attaches great importance to the development of tourism and determines the overall national support policy in the form of law.

Japan's Basic Tourism Law, Strong Industry Law, International Tourism Promotion Law and Hotels have been distributed successively.

Tourism laws and regulations such as the Industry Law.

domestic travel

The most popular tourism is hot spring tourism.

outbound travel

Due to the narrow territory of Japan, outbound tourism has developed rapidly. In 1964, the government announced that the Japanese would travel overseas.

Liberalization has kicked off a large number of Japanese outbound tourism.

(1) The number of international tourists has increased rapidly, ranking fourth in the world (in 2002).

Japan is still the world's largest creditor country and the largest black-letter country in trade, and the income level and reserve of Japanese nationals.

The storage capacity and consumption level have been really improved in the high economic development in the past 40 years.

Traveling has become an important part of people's daily life.

Number of Japanese outbound tourists from 1990 to 2002

1990 2000 2002

Outbound tourism (10,000 person-times) 1000 1781.2 1632.8

(2) The specific characteristics of Japan's outbound tourism market since the second half of 1990s.

① The purpose of tourism is mainly leisure and holiday.

In 1999, leisure vacation (82.2%), business (13.9%) and study (1.1%). The proportion of leisure vacations is very high in the world. From this perspective, Japan's overseas tourism market is quite mature.

(2) dominated by "frequent visitors" who have gone abroad for many times.

With the maturity of the outbound market, the "frequent visitors" who have gone abroad for many times are dominant.

Revisiting rate of major overseas destinations in Japan

Once, twice and more than three times.

Overall average 41.9 14.9 31.2

China 34.1 13.8 33.7

Continental United States 27.9 13.1 49.4

Hawaii 29.5 18.9 40.3

③ Prefer destinations with shorter time, shorter distance and less cost.

The overall demand of Japanese tourists tends to be low-budget, short-term, and visit neighboring destinations. Go to the most

Countries and regions are: Hawaiian, Korean, Chinese mainland, Hongkong, Taiwan Province, etc.

④ I like package tours.

More and more tourists in Japan like to buy package tours, but not all-inclusive, but more free time and

Package tour of activities.

Travel modes of Japanese tourists

Package travel, group travel, individual travel

All-inclusive travel, all-inclusive free package

Overall average 49.3 54.8 42.4 6.7 36.7

China 45.1 86.6 11.2 9.3 34.6

Continental USA 26.2 40.9 55.2 5.3 59.2

Hawaii 60.4 26.7 71.6 6.8 28.1

⑤ The proportion of middle-aged and elderly tourists has increased.

With the accelerated aging of Japanese society, the proportion of elderly tourists will continue to increase.

⑥ Family tourism has increased rapidly.

Families without children prefer sightseeing and shopping, while families with children prefer leisure and communication.

⑦ The demand for studying tourism has increased.

In 2002, the Japanese Ministry of Education implemented new regulations to enhance the learning of physical education and cultural courses for primary and secondary school students.

A large number of schools will add overseas travel programs.

Pay attention to participating in sports or outdoor activities.

More and more tourists pay attention to participating in sports or outdoor activities when traveling overseas, especially like diving, skiing, fishing and playing golf.

Pet-name ruby eco-tourism demand is growing rapidly.

More and more tourists like nature tourism with the purpose of protecting the natural environment and participating activities.

And cultural tourism that deeply experiences local culture.

Attending to pay attention to have more communication with local people.

With the increasing proportion of re-visitors, Japanese tourists demand more with local people at their destinations.

Communication, the traditional "visit, sightseeing and entertainment" is no longer popular.

(3) the trend of outbound tourism

① Popularization, traveling to individualization and detention, pursuing 3C and 3R.

3C: Casual, Convenient and comfortable;

3R: Relaxation, Refreshment and Recreation.

With the popularity of tourism and the increase of people's travel times, more and more people are not satisfied with traveling.

Tourism, Japanese consumption view, tourism motivation and demand have changed significantly. For better geography

To understand the trend of Japanese outbound tourism, we should first understand the two main types of Japanese outbound tourism market.

Two main types of Japanese outbound tourism market

Type, age, economy determine exit factors, tourism purposes.

Savings-type consumers over 50 years old pursue travel quality and individuality, emphasize experience and participation, and seek the value and significance of life.

Wage-earning consumers have a slight savings economy at the age of 20-40.

(Salary) Relieve stress, change mood, get rid of housework and make good memories.

Savings consumers: consumers who are not affected by economic conditions, whether they are money or

There is plenty of time, which is the national group over 50 years old. Compared with the economic aspect,

Said that this part of the group is more concerned about security issues. Once the outside world is slightly unfavorable or

If something unexpected happens, the trip will be cancelled. For the task of raising children and the old age after retirement

For people, travel is to re-delimit personality, interests and seek the value and meaning of life.

Working-class consumers: outbound trips of consumer groups with a little savings in money during the economic boom.

Swim This consumption class, its tourism consumption has a great dependence on salary, and most of them are at the age of 20

Consumers aged 40 to 40. Although they are also very concerned about security issues, they are mainly affected by it.

Economic conditions, so they are more sensitive to the price response of tourism commodities. For these side raised.

Children, for people who work at the same time, the most important thing to travel is to change the environment and improve their mood. From daily life

Free from life, relieve the tension and pressure at work and get rid of housework.

Korean tourism industry

South Korea's tourism industry started in the mid-1950s and developed initially in the late 1960s.

In the 1980s, it developed rapidly, and put forward the slogan of "building a country through tourism", and gradually moved towards "the tourism resources of the whole country"

Source, all national tourism employees, and international standards for tourism facilities.

Reason:

(1) put forward the slogan of "building a country through tourism" and make sure that "all national tourism is professional and the whole land tourism is resourced,

International standardization of tourism equipment "

(2) South Korea is taking the development mode of actively striving for inbound tourists and gradually opening up overseas tourism.

(3) pay attention to the development and protection of historical sites, hold various festivals, show the national style, also put a.

Some industries as tourism resources, improve the attraction of cultural tourism.

④ Attach importance to education and the cultivation of tourism talents.

⑤ Carry out effective tourism publicity and promotion.

Outbound tourism: the annual growth rate is more than 10%, and the consumption capacity is strong.

Travel characteristics:

(1) "Cheap", "Close" and "Short Time" (During the financial crisis, the government imposed high taxes on outbound tourism.

It has not been cancelled, and consumer psychology has also changed after the crisis)

② Travel purpose: leisure vacation (35%) and business travel (26%) are the main reasons, and visiting relatives and friends.

(18%), training (9.5%), culture and sports (1.5%), conferences (1.5%), others (8.5%).

③ The consumption of individual travel, family travel and personal travel is on the rise.

④ Age composition: Young and middle-aged tourists aged 21-50 are the main body (65%), and female tourists are growing.

（25%）

⑤ Overseas tourists are interested in shopping (93.3%), followed by urban tourism (90.5%), followed by

Natural scenery (86.7%).

How does South Korea develop its tourism business according to the characteristics of its own tourism resources? With the expansion of the influence of Korean Wave in the world, there are some tours about Korean Wave, such as concerts and series shooting places.

Recently, China people come to South Korea mainly for shopping and eating, which greatly increases the income of the Korean catering industry.

South Korea, with good air and scenery, can also develop this area. I won't ~ ~ but I still have to smile ~ ~ ~:)

Who can help introduce the tourism industry in Korea?

With the rapid development of modern society, cultural tourism is becoming a popular and vibrant form of tourism. The influence of cultural factors on modern tourism activities will be more profound and far-reaching. To accelerate the development of China's tourism industry and improve its international competitiveness, we must attach great importance to the construction of tourism culture. This is the inevitable requirement of the cultural essential characteristics of tourism.

"Modern tourism phenomenon is actually a comprehensive mass activity based on spiritual and cultural needs and enjoyment, involving economic, political, social and international exchanges. "

(Noe: Yu Xuecai: "A Summary of Tourism Culture Research in Recent Seven Years" [J], Tourism Economy, No.2, 1997. )

Cultural factors permeate all aspects of modern tourism activities. "Culture is the starting point and destination of tourists, the source of attraction of tourism landscape and the soul of tourism. "

(Note: Ma Bo: Modern Tourism Culture, Qingdao Publishing House, 1998. )

Tourists' travel behavior is a kind of cultural consumption behavior, and their motivation and purpose of traveling abroad is to obtain spiritual enjoyment and psychological satisfaction; In order to make a profit, tourism operators must provide a kind of tourism product that can satisfy tourists' cultural enjoyment.

Whether it is natural tourism resources or humanistic tourism resources, in order to attract and stimulate tourists' travel motives, they must have fascinating and unique national and local cultural connotations to meet people's different needs in science, history, literature, art and sociology. Therefore, the cultural essence of tourism inevitably requires giving priority to the development of tourism culture in the process of developing tourism.

Secondly, tourism culture is the decisive factor for a country's tourism industry to maintain its own characteristics. People often say: "National things are unique, and the spread of culture is long-lasting. "

(Noe: Sun Yubo: "Showing the profound cultural heritage-the inspiration from Beijing Hutong tourism" [N], Economic Information Daily, June 17, 1995. )

If a country's tourism industry lacks its own traditional culture, it will lose its characteristics, fail to reflect its unique spiritual connotation, and lose its strong attraction. Practice shows that "any country with a prosperous tourism industry must win with tourism culture."

Tourism in Austria is almost always closely related to Austrian music masters such as Strauss.

The naming of the streets in Paris always contains the historical anecdotes of the French nation.

(Noe: Xu Zongyuan: "On the Status of Tea Culture in Tourism Culture" [J], quoted from Yu Xuecai's "Summary of Tourism Culture Research in Recent Seven Years" [J], Tourism Economy, No.2, 1997. )

Therefore, tourism culture is an inevitable requirement for a country to maintain its own national characteristics in the process of developing tourism. Thirdly, tourism culture contains great economic potential. "Tourism is a cultural economy that attracts tourists to earn foreign exchange with the unique culture of a country and a nation."

(Noe: Li Gang: "Religious culture-an important tourism resource" [J], Tianfu New Theory, No.1, 1990. )

To this end, many countries with developed tourism in the world have successively implemented the new strategy of "cultural economy".

Robert Barre, head of cultural tourism in Los Angeles, said: "Cultural tourism is probably the fastest growing tourism project in the United States. Because each city can get considerable income by developing cultural tourism.

(Noe: Yu Dong: "The fastest growing project in American tourism-cultural tourism" [N], Beijing Daily, June 26, 1997. ）”

After a comprehensive and systematic calculation of the input and output of Italy's cultural heritage, it is concluded that the annual value-added tax revenue collected by the state for cultural tourism is 27.5 times of the protection cost, and it can provide jobs, promote construction, commerce and transportation, and promote the development of science and culture. They think that "cultural heritage is the country's richest treasure, which contains huge economic potential, is an inexhaustible financial source for the government, and should be regarded as an important part of strategic resources and the country's basic production structure. They decided to implement the new national strategy of" cultural economy "from 1985, in order to achieve the purpose of protecting culture, promoting themselves and benefiting the economy with one arrow and three sculptures.

(Note: You Tian: "Sonata for Emerging Industries" [J], Journal of Beijing Institute of Finance and Trade, No.5, 1994. ）”

South Korea has also actively taken various measures to vigorously develop cultural tourism, "intending to cultivate culture and tourism into a national strategic industry in the 21st century".

(Noe: Qin Ling: "Cultural Tourism: National Strategic Industry in the Next Century-South Korea Vigorously Develop Cultural Tourism" [N], Science Times, November 5, 1999. )

Judging from the practice of China's tourism development, "building a stage with culture and singing opera with economy" has become a major feature and one of the main experiences in developing tourism.

Thirdly, culture is the key to improve people's quality and management level. Tourism culture is largely embodied in tourism managers and their employees. Its cultural quality and management level directly affect whether tourists can get good aesthetic enjoyment and spiritual satisfaction, whether tourism resources can be reasonably developed and utilized, and then affect the development of tourism.

In the future, the competition in tourism is mainly in tourism culture, and people's demand for tourism resources and services tends to be more cultural, high-tech and participatory projects. Therefore, the cultural quality and management level of tourism managers and employees must be improved accordingly, so as to be in line with international standards and meet the requirements of the times, and make China's tourism industry invincible.

Finally, culture is a magic weapon for tourism to create famous brands and improve its competitiveness. In tourism activities, tourists' material needs are low-level and easy to meet, while spiritual and cultural needs are high-level and complex, which are difficult to meet, but affect the overall situation.

If tourism enterprises can't meet the spiritual and cultural needs of tourists, they will lose the value of existence. At the same time, because culture has the characteristics of regionality, nationality and inheritance, it is often unique to a country and region, and it is difficult to imitate and copy. Therefore, in the competition, it reduces comparability, has a monopoly position, is easy to form a strong competitive ability, and is easy to create its own characteristics and brand-name effects. Famous brand is an invisible force in tourism competition, and it is also a valuable cultural resource to promote tourism to embark on the road of sustainable development.

In a word, if China's tourism industry wants to achieve greater development and stand among the world's tourism powers, it must attach great importance to the construction of tourism culture, dig deep into the connotation of tourism culture, create a tourism culture atmosphere, and establish a set of tourism culture system with China characteristics to provide services and guidance for the development of tourism. Tourism culture is an indispensable cultural heritage and soul of China's tourism industry, and it is the key for China's tourism industry to maintain China characteristics and improve its international competitiveness.

Second, the connotation and classification of tourism culture

The essence of culture lies in innovation. Tourism culture is not a simple addition of tourism and culture, nor a hodgepodge of various cultures. It is a brand-new cultural form produced by the combination of traditional culture and tourism science.

For tourism culture, other cultures are "raw materials". In tourism activities, the original cultural factors such as ideas, psychological characteristics and ways of thinking in tourists' minds collide and combine with the heterogeneous cultural factors in the destination, gradually forming a new cultural form.

The tour operators have studied the traditional culture of their own nation with great concentration, made appropriate choices, absorbed some foreign cultures, carefully processed, organized and developed them into tourism cultural products for tourists to watch or enjoy, and created tourism culture; The tourist object itself reflects people's wisdom and strength, and has considerable cultural factors. It is the external expression of people's inner values, aesthetics and other spiritual factors, and it is also an indispensable part of tourism culture.

Therefore, the so-called tourism culture is actually based on the intrinsic value of general culture, relying on the six elements of travel, food, housing, travel, shopping and entertainment, and based on the relationship between tourism subject, tourism object, tourism medium and tourism research, and the sum of the ideological forms and their external manifestations that have been formed in the process of tourism activities. It is both material and spiritual.

The connotation of tourism culture is very rich and its extension is quite broad. "It involves the cultural fields of tourism objects such as history, geography, ethnic religion, catering services, garden architecture, folk entertainment and natural landscape; It also involves tourists' own cultural qualities, hobbies, behaviors, ideological beliefs and other cultural subjects; It also involves tourism intermediary culture such as service culture, commodity culture, management culture, tour guide culture, policies and regulations. “

(Noe: Lin Yongkuang: "Carry forward excellent culture and strengthen position consciousness" [N], China Tourism News, January 17, 2000. )

In addition, it also involves tourism, tourism psychology, tourism marketing, tourism management, tourism sociology, tourism culturology, tourism aesthetics and other comprehensive fields to study tourism activities.

From the perspective of the structural system of tourism culture, it should include the outermost material culture, such as architecture, gardens, utensils, tools, diet, clothing, etc. These are tangible and have material forms that can be felt by human sensory organs.

The middle level of tourism culture includes system culture and behavior culture.

Institutional culture is the product of tourists and tour operators dealing with the relationship between individuals and others, individuals and groups, including laws, regulations and professional ethics that participants in tourism activities should abide by. It is the stereotype, procedure and moralization of tourism behavior, which is mainly formulated and implemented by the government, groups and institutions by compulsory means.

Tourism behavior culture mainly refers to the established behaviors of tourists and tour operators in tourism activities, such as manners and customs, etiquette, folk customs, folk customs, behaviors and service methods. In fact, it is the spontaneous behavior of tourists or tour operators, and it is the expression of their internal values, aesthetic tastes, ways of thinking and other factors in their actions.

The core layer of tourism culture is spiritual culture or mentality culture, which is the cultural mentality of participants in tourism activities and its ideological expression, including social psychology and social ideology, and is composed of main factors such as values, aesthetic pursuit, moral feelings and ways of thinking.

The relationship between the four is closely linked and indispensable from the object to the subject. Material culture is the external manifestation or external materialization of tourism culture, which can be directly perceived by people, and it is also easy to imitate and create because of its tangibility. However, to be truly attractive, it is necessary to reflect the spirit, concept and pursuit of the creator behind the materialization.

Mentality culture is the core of tourism culture, and it must be consciously externalized in the material state in order to be perceived and understood by people, so that one's own ideas, pursuits, interests and emotions can resonate with others. Therefore, the material state culture and mentality culture are opposite and unified in the whole tourism activity.

System culture and behavior culture are the intermediate transition links from material state to mentality, and they play an irreplaceable role in connecting the preceding with the following. Institutional culture is an essential factor to ensure service quality, improve tourism level and promote the healthy development of tourism, which has the significance of ensuring direction and guidance.

Behavior culture is also indispensable for improving the management level of tourism, ensuring service quality and enhancing competitiveness. The standard and elegant service of tourism service personnel can make tourists feel great happiness in traveling; Good behavior of tourists is not only a symbol of human civilization, but also can reduce unnecessary conflicts with residents in the receiving area.

A correct and profound understanding of the connotation of tourism culture and a scientific classification of it is a prerequisite for us to strengthen the construction of tourism culture, which will make the construction of tourism culture more targeted, purposeful and practical.

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