Stamp collecting and tourism

Stamp collecting is of far-reaching significance. Pavlov, a famous physiologist, is a stamp collector, which is familiar to everyone. Engels, a famous socialist revolutionary mentor, Gorky, a great writer, and several American presidents are also stamp collectors. The most famous one is Roosevelt, who loved stamp collecting since he was a child. During his presidency, he took advantage of the busy state affairs to continue collecting and sorting stamps to adjust his spirit, and he also implemented some measures conducive to development activities. Roosevelt once said at a philatelic exhibition: "Philatelists get so many benefits that it is difficult to explain what the greatest benefit of this hobby is, but in any case, the happiness provided by stamp collecting proves that our hobby is desirable and the compensation we get is the price we pay."

Jiang Ye, a famous stamp collector in China, once wrote a story in his book Stamp Collecting and My Way of Life. In order to find a new 9-cent silver ticket for Wanshou reprint, I finally got it after 20 years of searching everywhere. He said: "When I took this new 9-cent silver ticket, I was as happy as Columbus's discovery of the New World."

Indeed, stamp collecting is a world full of knowledge and interest. In this world, people can learn all kinds of useful things at any time. If "opening books is beneficial" is used in the volume of stamp collecting, then it is more appropriate. However, this kind of learning is different from the traditional learning method in school. It can make people store useful knowledge in their memory in their thoughts and in their leisure and entertainment, just like watching movies and traveling scenery and browsing online. Pavlov once said: "My stamp collecting time is the best rest time full of true knowledge and discovery."

Stamps are a country's business card and a small encyclopedia of images. There are about 200 countries issuing stamps in the world. It can be said that all countries and regions try their best to express the most representative and proud things in their own countries on stamps, with beautiful scenery, rich products, precious animals, excellent culture and art, advanced scientific and technological inventions, until major national events, and outstanding people in ancient and modern times. Almost all of them can be found on stamps, and different country names and characters on stamps provide people with history, geography and knowledge of different places. We can say that even a world-class encyclopedia can hardly contain the contents involved in about 200,000 kinds of stamps that have been issued all over the world. What's more, thousands of stamps are born every year. Take China's stamps as an example. They include the oldest Dalong stamp issued in the Qing Dynasty and the Fuwa commemorative stamp issued to commemorate the 2008 Olympic Games. It can be said that it contains the modern history of China, including the geography and politics of the motherland and many other aspects.

People live in this information age, and need to broaden their horizons, know themselves and know the world. We can search through Baidu in WWW, and go to the library to browse the book forest, but we can also use our stamps to solve this problem, because stamps are the window to know the world, which provides more favorable conditions than other media. Not only that, stamps can also help us understand the culture and ideological and emotional exchanges between different countries, nationalities and people.

In 1955, the United Nations Association of America pointed out in a communique that every stamp passed from one country to another was a friendly messenger, which brought the two countries closer together, and every stamp circulating in China shaped the friendly feelings of Chinese people.

The postal market in China began with the spontaneous formation of a "street fair" focusing on mutual exchange in the early 1980s.

After the reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China's philatelic cause, and the biggest change is the marketization of stamps. In the early days of the philatelic market, the vast number of philatelists clapped their hands and cheered, indicating that the spring of China's philatelic cause has arrived. The postal market has developed from mutual exchange to investment, and it has experienced ups and downs for more than 20 years. (It includes three periods of "blowout" of postal prices in 1985, 1991 and 1997, three periods of normal and stable postal prices in 1983-84, 88-89 and 95-95, and three periods of continuous low postal prices in 1986-87, 1992-95 and 1997-2002), resulting in three cases.

Today, when we look around the postal market, we can't see the stamp collectors who frequented the postal market in those days, and all we hear is the complaints and dissatisfaction of stamp collectors with the postal market. The reason is that China has never been able to become a market that can give credibility to the philatelic world and serve the vast number of philatelists in recent years. In the past ten years, the issuance of new postal products is very disorderly, the proportion of high-value stamps remains high, the issuance of new postal products is discounted every year, philatelic products are overexploited and flooded, and various violations are endless, market confidence is gone, postal people complain, and the market is in a terrible downturn. Stamp collecting is completely divorced from the market, and its development path is getting narrower and narrower, which is increasingly out of step with the development of the whole society and has entered a dead end. Everyone thinks this is the evil result of speculation. However, the author believes that this is the inevitable result of the deep-seated factors of China Post, and it needs to be explored and studied by people in the philatelic industry. The brief analysis is as follows:

First, the relationship between the number of stamps issued and the number of stamps issued

Since the establishment of the All-China Philatelic Federation in January 1982, the first national congress was held in August of the same year. Philatelic resumed and the philatelic market began to flourish. Due to the impact of the soaring market price of 5 million T46 "monkey tickets", a "monkey" ticket with a face value of 0.08 yuan rose from 6.4 yuan to 24,000 yuan (currently 120,000 yuan), which greatly improved the popularity of the postal market. When the market was optimistic, the number of postal merchants, investors and stamp collectors increased rapidly, which led to the rapid warming of the philatelic market from the end of 1984 to the beginning of 1985 until the postal price "blowout" (at that time, the normal circulation of sheetlets was between 100,000 and 2,500,000 before 85 years). On May 24, 1985, the situation changed suddenly, and a huge number of panda sheetlets were issued (12,668,300). Although the overheating situation of the postal market was controlled, the postal market fell rapidly and cooled down, and the discount quilt situation began, and the first climax of China Post ended. Since then, China Post has intervened in the market by using the magic weapon of commemorative stamp circulation, and it has been tried and tested. Since then, the philatelic market in China has fallen into abnormal development.

In order to reverse the decline of the stamp market, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications made the circulation of sheetlets return to an average of 4-5 million from 1986 to the end of 1988, and the stamp market gradually returned to stability. Immediately after the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications increased the circulation to 7-13.1 million pieces in 1989-1991, in order to activate the market, a red Buddha sheetlet with a circulation of only 1.3 million and a "chubby" sheetlet with a circulation of 1.828 million appeared one after another. The postal market began in June 1991, and with a large amount of off-site funds pouring into the market, the large-scale speculation caused the postal market to go crazy soon. A few cents' worth of seals and films rose at a crazy speed, creating an amazing value-added ratio of 10 times to 20 times. At that time, the postal market was overcrowded, the postal price jumped three times a day, and the wind of speculation swept across the country. After that, it was suppressed by the volume of circulation, which abruptly cooled down the market boom and brought the postal market to the brink of collapse, almost ruining the postal market in China. (On September 14th, 1991, disaster relief stamps were issued with a circulation of 40 million sets, which caused the postal market to fall below the face value again. Subsequently, in the first half of three years, the circulation of 92-95 sheetlets was expanded to 30-40 million, and the postal market was about to collapse. )

Since 1995, postal enterprises have successively issued World Table Tennis Sheetlets (5,113,600), Osmanthus fragrans without teeth (567,000) and Kongding without teeth (5,456,000) from August 1995 to May 1996, and at the same time reduced the average normal circulation from 30 million to 40 million. Postal prices are getting higher and higher, and funds are getting higher and higher. With the pursuit of huge funds, all kinds of stamp products, such as runaway wild horses, have soared, and the postal market has become large-scale. The turnover of hundreds of thousands to millions can be seen everywhere, and the funds in the market are hundreds of billions. In July, 1997, the 50 yuan face value of Hong Kong's return to the gold foil sheetlet was also speculated in the high-priced scenery in 500 yuan. The gold foil stamp sheetlet announced a circulation of 20 million pieces, and the Hong Kong reunification stamp sheetlet announced a circulation of 57.71 million pieces. Since then, the postal market has entered a discounted quilt cover situation, and the postal market has turned cold again after half a year of madness.

From 1998 to 1999, China postal enterprises began to adjust again, and the average circulation of sheetlets was between 24 million and 32 million.

In 2000, the number of sheetlets began to decrease again, with a circulation of 17.19-21.45 million.

In 2001, the number of sheetlets was reduced, and the circulation was between 14.5 million and 17 million.

In the first half of 2002, the circulation of sheetlets was 12.9 million.

From 2001 to 2002, a few varieties were released. (Reasons for not activating the market well: (1) As the small-scale varieties issued in the past two years are basically small promissory notes and mini-panes, for stamp collectors, there are many fans who do not collect small promissory notes; (2) Booking stamps with mini-panes are accompanied by mini-packages, and mini-panes are not necessary; (3) There is no place for mini-sheets in the yearbook; ⑷ The mini-pane is large in size and the game is not smooth, which concentrates on the market, forming a high opening and low walking. The postal market has been in a downturn. I think that small varieties should write articles in "sheetlets" and "mini-sheets". "Small promissory notes and mini-sheets" can't drive the whole package, but invisibly increase the circulation of packages. )

On May 16th, 2002, 3 million souvenir sheets of "World Cup Football Match" were issued, which shows that the top management once again has a clear mind and found the goal of stimulating the French market. But what is the scientific basis for determining the number of stamps issued, the postal management? Or do postal enterprises need it? Not the market? We should understand the importance of scientifically measuring the size of stamp circulation from the ups and downs of the market for more than 20 years, proceed from the overall situation of the healthy development of China postal market, correctly handle the relationship between large and small stamp circulation, and gradually change stamp issuance from randomness, blindness and speculation to scientificity, standardization, legalization and direction. It is hoped that the top management with many years of operation experience will completely change the abnormal market development track of the postal market, which is "depressed for several times and prosperous once". However, this issue? quot; "World Cup Soccer Souvenir Sheet", jointly issued by the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao. However, the mainland postal service has irregular sales channels and unreasonable sales prices, which has caused the market, investors and enthusiasts to lose confidence. Postal enterprises mainly make money, and the provinces promote it in the form of "package", that is, "matching". Its face value of RMB 2.8 yuan and Australian dollar 3.5 yuan is less than that of 10 yuan plus a small discount price of 20 yuan, and it must be matched with other philatelic products. The so-called "package" sales have been rejected by the market, resulting in a sharp drop in prices, making it impossible for the "package" sales to progress. Is this standardized?

Second, the relationship between stamp price increase, bank interest rate reduction and postal market:

In 1980s, China came back from the market and rose at an alarming speed and strength. From 1979 to 1997, China Stamp Corporation raised the stamp price 14 times as needed, and the new China stamps appreciated sharply, and adjusted the price frequently, once a year on average. Its purpose is to protect the interests of stamp collectors, put more stamps in stock on the market, and meet the needs of stamp collectors, especially new stamp collectors, and determine the selling price according to the law of market supply and demand. The former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications stipulated that the price of stamps can be adjusted according to the changes of market supply and demand one year after they are issued. Price adjustment is a routine work in philatelic management. After price adjustment, state-owned companies will uniformly sell stamps, and market operators will basically operate with reference to the price adjustment of stamps. Reflecting the objective law of market supply and demand, people can not only see the cultural significance of stamp collecting, but also open up their awareness of value-added and wealth-saving. Because collecting stamps in the field of stamp collecting has been separated from the par value, the price can be determined according to the law of supply and demand, and the price can be adjusted according to the changes of market supply and demand. Every time the postal price is raised, it happens that the interest rate of the People's Bank of China is lowered. Therefore, raising the postal price often becomes the fuse to set off the postal market boom. If the postal price is not raised, the interest rate reduction market boom may not come. The purpose of the bank's interest rate reduction is to enable the residents to use their savings to buy commodities, so as to alleviate the contradiction between weak business and increased commodity inventory. In addition, the policy of issuing stamps has been reduced, and the number of products is outstanding, resulting in a "blowout" of postal prices again and again.

China Stamp Corporation raised the postal price and lowered the savings rate of the People's Bank of China, and the number of stamps issued decreased, which just constituted a pointer. The direction of the arrow was the postal market, which was calculated by people with only basic and arithmetic knowledge. Buying stamps to save money appreciated faster than saving in the bank, and thousands of China people put their savings into stamp trading, which became the fastest growing financial market in China. For more than 20 years, because the inflation has far exceeded the bank interest rate, people are eager to find other investment methods, and stamps have become the best choice, resulting in the outbreak of the postal market and the "blowout" of postal prices.

However, after the opening of state-owned philatelic companies in 1992, local companies directly competed in the market, forming an irregular management system. The competition between state-owned companies and state-owned companies, the competition between state-owned companies and postal merchants, does not need to be sold at a unified price by raising the postal price. The price of each company is full of loopholes, and it is a price war. Now the trading methods of state-owned companies are out of control, resulting in repeated discounts on postal markets. In the past five years, the postal price has not been raised, the postal market has been depressed, and no one cares about it all the way down. So far, no big company has come out to stabilize the postal price and develop the price catalogue and purchase catalogue to ensure the interests of investors, philatelists and postal merchants. During this period, from October 23, 1997 to February 21, 2002, the bank's interest rate was lowered seven times in a row, and the interest rate was adjusted from 4.14% in 1997 to 1.71% in 2002, but it has never been able to take care of the suffering postal market and send fresh blood.

Third, the philatelic market still has potential.

Since the reform for more than 20 years, China's market economy has made a nationwide leap forward. Commodities enter the market out of the mode of integrated planned economy and circulate freely according to the needs of society. Joining WTO is a new task for China's socialist business community. Although we have had the experience and lessons of economic restructuring for more than 20 years, and we can learn from all the experiences of China in developing its market economy, the healthy development of China's market economy still has a process of groping in practice and spreading one after another.

China people hold 6 trillion yuan in cash and savings deposits. These capitals have two characteristics: one is to seek value-added; One seeks to preserve value. At present, the public places where China can accept these capitals are banks, stock markets and wealth management. However, at present, the interest rate of banks is lowered, and stocks are risky, so residents are more eager to seek the destination of preserving and increasing value. Although the real estate market has great potential, residents still buy houses with mortgages and are unwilling to invest capital, so they have invested heavily in the near future. Although industrial companies add value. But the masses have no chance. The postal frenzy in 1985, 1991 and 1997 shook China residents again and again. For more than 20 years, most of the people who have been shocked are working-class, and now they are middle-aged and invest cautiously. As long as the state does not take special measures, postal people and even residents still have great interest in investment in stamp collecting. After all, it is a national product "national business card", and the postal market will continue to be standardized in the future. Therefore, people's investment intention of seeking preservation and appreciation is still staring at stamps. Judging from the development of philately for more than 20 years, at present, China philately has developed a large number of working-class old people, middle-aged, young people and women. If the appreciation of stamps can continue to maintain the level of bank interest rates, stamp collectors will continue to increase. Under the influence of three postal market trends, the problems in the stamp market have been exposed, and what is needed now is the attention of the relevant competent departments. The masses are watching the future of China postal market, and China postal market is at a critical historical crossroads.

Four, China philatelic business problems.

Up to now, China has officially joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), which indicates that the open China has achieved unprecedented development, China's economy will be fully integrated with the international economy, the China nation is facing new opportunities and challenges under the trend of global economic integration, and the traditional culture and concepts are challenged unprecedentedly today. How to seize the historical opportunity to meet the challenges is a very realistic problem for all China people. Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said that "development is the last word". Only development can seize the historical opportunity to solve various contradictions. Only development can realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the 21st century.

How to standardize the postal market has become the latest topic in front of China philatelic interface. "Stamp is a national business card, and it is also an investment market for China people, so it is worth studying", which deserves our attention. However, in order to standardize the postal market, it is necessary to strictly follow the law, strictly enforce the law, and punish those who violate the law. The top management should standardize the postal market according to law and use correct policies to develop the market and participate in the challenges of the international competitive market.

There is a tradition of serving the country and the people in our corporate culture. Although China philatelic enterprises have also put forward the slogans of "fostering postal services for the people, providing value-added services" and "cultivating the market", many problems existing in the current postal enterprises are contrary to this. Violations and short-term behaviors occur from time to time, philatelic resources are over-opened, and philatelic products are issued too much. Investment in philatelic market lacks rules and order. Some postal merchants are immoral and make money by speculation. Both philatelic companies and postal merchants lack the cultivation of philatelic market, and the key lies in the reform of special management system for philatelic business of postal enterprises. The separation of government from enterprise is the key to standardize the philatelic market of postal services. It is always thought that some companies violate the rules in order to only complete the task index and put a large number of tickets on the market. But China postal enterprises have never changed their business model; The first quarter got off to a good start, the second quarter was more than half of the Confucian half-task, the third quarter was 90 days, and the fourth quarter was a sprint. The economic benefits obtained by using the administrative system require balanced development. Some post offices (philatelic companies have no right) may sell a large number of postage certificates at low face value regardless of the local mail processing cost, which has brought great damage to China's philatelic cause, so the management system and marketing strategy should be completely changed. Of course, the market changes every quarter and develops income. If China brand company "Haier" must promote a large number of air conditioners in winter, it will be strange if it does not reduce the price. Why "Haier" has become a "sales promotion method" and "China brand worthy of study and study by China Post"Unified price ",stamp collecting also needs to create a brand.

Five, China stamp collecting should step into the market management, put an end to violations.

1. Establish a postage management system. According to the current operation mode of postal service, all post offices sell the stamp-affixed income obtained by the party according to the postage certificate, and the stamp-affixed income is uniformly turned over from the postage stamp product management company-the postage certificate management department of the Provincial Postal Administration-the county and township post offices. The problem of low face value can be fundamentally eliminated.

2. On the basis of the existing philatelic companies, we will build a specialized philatelic management system with independent personnel, finances and materials to carry out the commodity market and form a unified commodity unit price, namely, china national philatelic corporation-provincial philatelic companies-local philatelic branches-county and township philatelic subsidiaries or salesrooms.

3. State-owned philatelic companies operate newly issued philatelic products, indicating that philatelic products have entered the commodity field and must be purchased in full from the postal system as commodities.

4. As philatelic enterprises are the biggest buyers of Jite stamps, it can be said that philatelic enterprises are monopolized by buyers to some extent. It has the right to make comments on the issuance of special stamps according to its own business situation. Therefore, state-owned philatelic enterprises can obtain monopoly profits because of their mastery of the circulation of special stamps, forming postal service as the largest shareholder of philatelic enterprises.

5. Philatelic companies can also go public and enter the stock market. (Philatelic business is a subsidiary value-added business of postal service, because the postal department is a postal incubator, and the hatched chickens (stamps) are sold to philatelic companies. ) Philatelic companies that violate the rules for the postal department to issue new postal products, etc., which are unfavorable to the market, can return their purchases and nearly destroy them. Restrict and monitor the short-term behavior of developing large philatelic companies and philatelic enterprises in China with long-term interests and credibility.

Six, China stamp collecting should take the road of specialization and develop abroad.

There are postal merchants in many countries in the world, dealing in stamps, philatelic products and philatelic equipment at home and abroad. Some operate a category: such as franchise early tickets, first day covers, sheetlets and so on. Stamp collectors can go to these stamp dealers with a definite purpose to meet their own needs. Some have abundant funds and do a lot of business. For example: Japan Postal Service, American Universal First Day Cover Company. They have thousands of regular subscribers, and they spend a lot of money to travel around the world to buy treasures for their customers. They spend a lot of money on advertising, holding stamp exhibitions and so on every year. China philately must vigorously develop specialized companies. At present, some postal merchants specialize in postcards, sheetlets, stamps, postal envelopes and so on. Objective Specialized management allows customers to find the philatelic products they need easily, and allows operators to grasp the road of purchasing, selling and storing professional philatelic products. The existing postal enterprises in China should become incubators for stamp products and serve stamp collectors. China postal enterprises should learn from foreign propaganda, spend part of their profits on the development of postal associations, and cultivate the market.

China stamps should be internationalized in all countries of the world, and in order to better improve the level of stamp collecting in China and enter the great cycle of international stamp collecting economy. First, it is necessary to develop China's big philatelic company; Second, vigorously develop China postal merchants. Only in this way can we know how to enter the world market, and we can push our own philatelic products out in many directions and introduce philatelic products from other countries. The main measures for the internationalization of stamps in China are to open the domestic stamp market and publicize the domestic and international stamp collecting market, to provide certain conditions for postal merchants, stamp collectors and investors, and to develop stamp import and export industries through various channels. However, China's philatelic industry is completely out of the valley of self-production, self-sale, self-sufficiency and self-sufficiency, and enters the vast ocean, expecting the real spring of China's postal industry. I hope China's philatelic industry will sail to global production as soon as possible!